I’d just like to interject for a moment. What you’re referring to as Earth, is in fact, Earth/Plastic, or as I’ve recently taken to calling it, Earth plus Plastic. Earth is not a planet unto itself, but rather another component of a fully self-correcting paradigm made useful by Plastic and it’s human manufacturers, compromising a full ecosystem defined by Mother Nature.

Proton requires an account, which gives them some of your info, while Mullvad does not, giving you an anonymous account number instead.

If Proton really doesn’t log VPN traffic, then it doesn’t really matter. But since Mullvad does not have that same personal info, they would be unable to provide law enforcement or 3rd party data brokers any hard data aside from your IP if they wanted to.