Talking nonsense since 1986
I think there’ll be massive differences in volume depending on culture, location & genre.
Ranked loudest to quietest, from my most memorable gigs: Metal/emo, punk, rock, ska, soca, hip-hop, reggae, jazz, folk. Never been to a jazz venue and thought it was too loud!
The counter argument is that you get to decide where you stand, close and damagingly loud, or safe and far away, or anywhere in between. Except for the last one I went to, in a tiny basement (max 15 people) blasting metal inches away from my face
Confirmation bias: all the shite furniture from 1800s has rotted to dust already
Edit for full disclosure: I’ve exclusively bought antique furniture. I’m basically a shill for big-auction
I’m gonna say the direction of the shadow helps sell the illusion of sun overhead